{"version":1,"as_of":"2026-07-26","scope_note":"A curated, non-exhaustive directory of official Pakistani and international sources that publish technology-governance rules, institutions, indicators, or comparable metrics relevant to Pakistan.","sources":[{"id":"pta-telecom-indicators","title":"Telecom Indicators","publisher":"Pakistan Telecommunication Authority","publisher_scope":"Pakistan","resource_type":"Dashboard","topics":["Connectivity & affordability"],"what_it_covers":"Mobile, broadband, telecom subscriber, penetration, traffic, and related sector indicators.","pakistan_coverage":"Direct national telecom-sector coverage.","cadence":"Monthly and annual tabs","latest_period":"Varies by indicator","access_modes":["Interactive web"],"url":"https://www.pta.gov.pk/category/telecom-indicators/164","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"Values are rendered in interactive charts. Preserve each indicator's reference date and do not treat subscriptions as unique people."},{"id":"pta-annual-reports","title":"Annual Reports","publisher":"Pakistan Telecommunication Authority","publisher_scope":"Pakistan","resource_type":"Report series","topics":["Connectivity & affordability","Cybersecurity & regulation"],"what_it_covers":"Telecom subscribers, investment, revenue, infrastructure, regulation, and sector developments.","pakistan_coverage":"National telecom-sector reporting with an archive beginning in 2000–01.","cadence":"Annual","latest_period":"Varies by report","access_modes":["HTML catalogue","PDF"],"url":"https://www.pta.gov.pk/category/annual-reports-1432096911-2023-05-30","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"Fiscal and reporting periods vary, and reports consolidate several underlying sources."},{"id":"pta-cellular-mobile-qos-surveys","title":"Cellular Mobile Quality of Service Surveys","publisher":"Pakistan Telecommunication Authority","publisher_scope":"Pakistan","resource_type":"Survey series","topics":["Connectivity & affordability"],"what_it_covers":"Mobile network performance by operator across selected cities, roads, railways, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and Gilgit-Baltistan.","pakistan_coverage":"Selected tested locations and routes within Pakistan-administered territory.","cadence":"Quarterly releases","latest_period":"Varies by survey","access_modes":["HTML catalogue","PDF"],"url":"https://www.pta.gov.pk/category/qos-survey-959959384-2023-05-30","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"Survey geography and tested routes change between releases, so results are not a uniform national panel."},{"id":"pta-fixed-broadband-qos-surveys","title":"Fixed Broadband Quality of Service Surveys","publisher":"Pakistan Telecommunication Authority","publisher_scope":"Pakistan","resource_type":"Survey series","topics":["Connectivity & affordability"],"what_it_covers":"Internet service provider performance and compliance with selected quality-of-service indicators.","pakistan_coverage":"Selected providers and surveyed locations in Pakistan.","cadence":"Quarterly releases","latest_period":"Varies by survey","access_modes":["HTML catalogue","PDF"],"url":"https://www.pta.gov.pk/category/qos-survey-of-fixed-line-broadband-service-providers-2020-1403945254-2023-05-30","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"The survey sample is not necessarily a census of every provider, package, location, or subscriber."},{"id":"pta-cyber-security-annual-reports","title":"Cyber Security Annual Reports","publisher":"Pakistan Telecommunication Authority","publisher_scope":"Pakistan","resource_type":"Report series","topics":["Cybersecurity & regulation"],"what_it_covers":"Telecom-sector cybersecurity governance, audits, capacity building, and regulatory initiatives.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan's regulated telecom sector.","cadence":"Annual-labelled reports","latest_period":"Varies by report","access_modes":["HTML catalogue","PDF"],"url":"https://www.pta.gov.pk/category/cyber-security-annual-report-2022-963089105-2023-05-30","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"Telecom-sector governance reporting is not a national census of cyber incidents, losses, or harms."},{"id":"moitt-policies","title":"Technology Policies","publisher":"Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunication","publisher_scope":"Pakistan","resource_type":"Policy library","topics":["Laws, policies & standards","Cybersecurity & regulation","Digital government"],"what_it_covers":"Artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, cloud-first, broadband, Digital Pakistan, data governance, and related policy documents.","pakistan_coverage":"Federal policy documents and drafts published by the ministry.","cadence":"No fixed schedule stated","latest_period":"Current catalogue","access_modes":["HTML catalogue","Document downloads"],"url":"https://www.moitt.gov.pk/Policies","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"The catalogue mixes drafts and approved policies. Confirm each document's status before relying on it."},{"id":"moitt-publications","title":"Publications","publisher":"Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunication","publisher_scope":"Pakistan","resource_type":"Document library","topics":["Laws, policies & standards","Digital government","Innovation & skills"],"what_it_covers":"Laws, progress reports, gender-gap studies, strategies, and implementation material.","pakistan_coverage":"Federal technology-sector publications.","cadence":"Irregular","latest_period":"Current catalogue","access_modes":["HTML catalogue","Document downloads"],"url":"https://www.moitt.gov.pk/Publications","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"Document types and evidence standards vary; the catalogue is not itself evidence that every programme remains active."},{"id":"nitb-central-dashboard","title":"Central Dashboard","publisher":"National Information Technology Board","publisher_scope":"Pakistan","resource_type":"Dashboard","topics":["Digital government"],"what_it_covers":"Federal digitization projects, e-office implementations, applications, portals, and programme status.","pakistan_coverage":"Federal-government digitization portfolio.","cadence":"No cadence stated","latest_period":"Current dashboard","access_modes":["Interactive web"],"url":"https://cd.nitb.gov.pk/","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"Administrative counts appear self-reported, and project dates may describe historical milestones rather than current performance."},{"id":"pbs-hies","title":"Household Integrated Economic Survey","publisher":"Pakistan Bureau of Statistics","publisher_scope":"Pakistan","resource_type":"Household survey","topics":["Connectivity & affordability","Innovation & skills"],"what_it_covers":"Household and individual computer, internet, mobile ownership and use, digital skills, and socioeconomic breakdowns.","pakistan_coverage":"National household survey with rural, urban, gender, and socioeconomic detail.","cadence":"Survey rounds","latest_period":"2024–25","access_modes":["HTML","Reports","Tables","Microdata"],"url":"https://www.pbs.gov.pk/hies/","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"These are survey estimates. Compare questionnaires, weights, coverage, and methodology before making trend claims."},{"id":"pbs-pslm","title":"Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey","publisher":"Pakistan Bureau of Statistics","publisher_scope":"Pakistan","resource_type":"Household survey","topics":["Connectivity & affordability","Innovation & skills"],"what_it_covers":"Provincial and district ICT access, mobile ownership, internet use, and ICT skills.","pakistan_coverage":"Provincial and district-level household evidence.","cadence":"District survey every alternate year","latest_period":"Varies by survey round","access_modes":["HTML","Reports","Microdata"],"url":"https://www.pbs.gov.pk/docs/pakistan-social-and-living-standard-measurement-survey-pslm/","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"Display the reference year and geographic representativeness; different rounds may not support every comparison."},{"id":"sbp-payment-systems-quarterly-reviews","title":"Payment Systems Quarterly Reviews","publisher":"State Bank of Pakistan","publisher_scope":"Pakistan","resource_type":"Report series","topics":["Digital economy & payments"],"what_it_covers":"Raast, cards, applications, wallets, retail-payment volume and value, and digital-channel adoption.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan's regulated payment and banking systems.","cadence":"Quarterly","latest_period":"2025–26 report series","access_modes":["HTML archive","PDF"],"url":"https://www.sbp.org.pk/our-operations/publications/payment-systems-review/365/payment-systems-quarterly-reports-2025-2026","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"The reviews exclude cash outside the banking system. Preserve fiscal-quarter definitions and provisional or revised flags."},{"id":"sbp-branchless-banking-newsletters","title":"Branchless Banking Newsletters","publisher":"State Bank of Pakistan","publisher_scope":"Pakistan","resource_type":"Report series","topics":["Digital economy & payments"],"what_it_covers":"Accounts, active accounts, agents, transactions, transaction value, gender, and province.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan's regulated branchless-banking market.","cadence":"Quarterly","latest_period":"Varies by newsletter","access_modes":["HTML archive","PDF"],"url":"https://www.sbp.org.pk/our-operations/publications/quarterly-branchless-banking-newsletters/391","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"Accounts are not unique people; retain the report's definition of an active account."},{"id":"sbp-easydata","title":"EasyData","publisher":"State Bank of Pakistan","publisher_scope":"Pakistan","resource_type":"Data portal","topics":["Digital economy & payments"],"what_it_covers":"Searchable economic and financial time series, including selected digital-finance and payments series.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan monetary, financial, banking, and payments data.","cadence":"Varies by series","latest_period":"Varies by series","access_modes":["Interactive web","Chart","Download"],"url":"https://easydata.sbp.org.pk/apex/f?p=10%3A1%3A0%3A","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Limited","limitations":"This is a broad macroeconomic portal. Cite the exact series definition, unit, frequency, and source. The page opened in web review but returned HTTP 404 to the automated link checker."},{"id":"finance-division-economic-survey-2025-26","title":"Pakistan Economic Survey 2025–26","publisher":"Finance Division, Government of Pakistan","publisher_scope":"Pakistan","resource_type":"Annual report","topics":["Digital economy & payments","Connectivity & affordability","Innovation & skills"],"what_it_covers":"The information-technology and telecom chapter covers IT exports, freelancers, penetration, investment, and revenue.","pakistan_coverage":"National economic reporting.","cadence":"Annual","latest_period":"2025–26","access_modes":["HTML","PDF chapters","Tables"],"url":"https://finance.gov.pk/survey_2026.html","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"Figures may use fiscal-year, July–March, provisional, estimated, or mixed reference periods."},{"id":"pda-digital-standards","title":"Digital Standards","publisher":"Pakistan Digital Authority","publisher_scope":"Pakistan","resource_type":"Standards portal","topics":["Laws, policies & standards","Digital government"],"what_it_covers":"Data governance, data management, exchange, interoperability, and reference architecture.","pakistan_coverage":"Normative standards for Pakistan's public-sector digital systems.","cadence":"Living standards; no fixed schedule","latest_period":"Current standards portal","access_modes":["HTML","Document downloads"],"url":"https://standards.pda.gov.pk/","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"These are normative standards, not measurements of implementation quality or service performance."},{"id":"itu-datahub-pakistan","title":"ITU DataHub — Pakistan","publisher":"International Telecommunication Union","publisher_scope":"International","resource_type":"Data portal","topics":["Connectivity & affordability","Cybersecurity & regulation","Digital government"],"what_it_covers":"Connectivity, affordability, markets, governance, trust, and sustainability indicators.","pakistan_coverage":"Direct country dashboard for Pakistan.","cadence":"Varies by indicator","latest_period":"Varies by indicator","access_modes":["Interactive web","Download","PDF export"],"url":"https://datahub.itu.int/data/?e=PAK","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Limited","limitations":"Indicators use different source years and may be missing or revised. Always display the indicator-specific period. The page opened in web review but blocks the automated checker with HTTP 403."},{"id":"itu-ict-development-index-2026","title":"ICT Development Index 2026","publisher":"International Telecommunication Union","publisher_scope":"International","resource_type":"Index","topics":["Connectivity & affordability"],"what_it_covers":"A composite view of universal and meaningful connectivity across 159 economies.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan is covered in the downloadable economy dataset.","cadence":"Edition-based","latest_period":"2026 edition","access_modes":["HTML report","Dashboard","Excel"],"url":"https://www.itu.int/itu-d/reports/statistics/IDI2026/","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"Confirm the Pakistan row in the downloaded dataset before quoting a score. Methodology changes can affect comparisons."},{"id":"itu-global-cybersecurity-index-2024","title":"Global Cybersecurity Index 2024","publisher":"International Telecommunication Union","publisher_scope":"International","resource_type":"Index","topics":["Cybersecurity & regulation"],"what_it_covers":"Legal, technical, organizational, capacity-building, and international-cooperation cybersecurity pillars.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan is included in the global assessment.","cadence":"Edition-based","latest_period":"2024 edition","access_modes":["PDF"],"url":"https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/hdb/D-HDB-GCI.01-2024-PDF-E.pdf","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"The index measures commitments and maturity, not cyber-incident frequency, losses, or real-world harm."},{"id":"itu-ict-prices","title":"ICT Price Baskets","publisher":"International Telecommunication Union","publisher_scope":"International","resource_type":"Dataset","topics":["Connectivity & affordability"],"what_it_covers":"Comparable mobile and fixed-broadband price baskets.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan is included in the international price series.","cadence":"Annual series","latest_period":"Data through 2025","access_modes":["HTML","Excel","DataHub"],"url":"https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/ICTprices/default.aspx","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"The basket methodology changed for 2025; affordability also depends on income denominator and package assumptions."},{"id":"itu-g5-benchmark-2023","title":"G5 Benchmark 2023","publisher":"International Telecommunication Union","publisher_scope":"International","resource_type":"Benchmark report","topics":["Cybersecurity & regulation","Laws, policies & standards"],"what_it_covers":"Collaborative digital-regulation governance across policy, institutional, process, and stakeholder pillars.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan pillar values and 2021/2023 comparisons are included.","cadence":"Edition-based","latest_period":"2023 edition","access_modes":["PDF"],"url":"https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/pref/D-PREF-BB-2023-01-PDF-E.pdf","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"This is a composite governance benchmark, not a substitute for current legal texts or implementation evidence."},{"id":"world-bank-govtech-maturity-index","title":"GovTech Maturity Index","publisher":"World Bank","publisher_scope":"International","resource_type":"Index and dataset","topics":["Digital government"],"what_it_covers":"Core government systems, online public services, digital citizen engagement, and GovTech enablers.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan is included within the 198-economy dataset.","cadence":"Edition-based","latest_period":"2025 edition","access_modes":["HTML","Dashboard","Dataset","Reports"],"url":"https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/govtech/gtmi","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"Recent editions are largely self-reported. The World Bank says the index is not a ranking or a performance or readiness score."},{"id":"world-bank-global-findex","title":"Global Findex Download Centre","publisher":"World Bank","publisher_scope":"International","resource_type":"Survey dataset","topics":["Digital economy & payments","Connectivity & affordability"],"what_it_covers":"Mobile ownership, internet use, digital safety, financial access, and digital payments at household and individual level.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan observations are available across several survey rounds.","cadence":"Survey rounds","latest_period":"2024 survey data","access_modes":["Excel","CSV","Stata","DataBank"],"url":"https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/globalfindex/download-data","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"The publication year and survey reference year differ, and all household estimates are subject to sampling error."},{"id":"world-bank-id4d-global-dataset","title":"Identification for Development Global Dataset","publisher":"World Bank","publisher_scope":"International","resource_type":"Dataset","topics":["Digital government"],"what_it_covers":"Identification ownership, use, barriers, and national identification-system availability.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan is covered by demand- and supply-side evidence.","cadence":"Edition-based","latest_period":"2025 release","access_modes":["DataBank","Data360","Download"],"url":"https://id4d.worldbank.org/global-dataset","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Limited","limitations":"Identification possession does not establish that systems are secure, inclusive, accessible, or effectively used. The page opened in web review but blocks the automated checker with HTTP 403."},{"id":"un-desa-e-government-survey-2024","title":"United Nations E-Government Survey 2024","publisher":"United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs","publisher_scope":"International","resource_type":"Index and report","topics":["Digital government"],"what_it_covers":"E-government development, online services, telecom infrastructure, human capital, and e-participation.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan is included among all 193 United Nations Member States.","cadence":"Edition-based","latest_period":"2024 edition","access_modes":["HTML","Report","Technical appendix"],"url":"https://desapublications.un.org/publications/un-e-government-survey-2024","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"Composite components use different underlying years and sources, so the headline score is not a single-period measurement."},{"id":"unctadstat-pakistan-profile","title":"UNCTADstat Pakistan General Profile","publisher":"United Nations Conference on Trade and Development","publisher_scope":"International","resource_type":"Country profile","topics":["Digital economy & payments"],"what_it_covers":"Country indicators including information-economy and services-trade measures.","pakistan_coverage":"Direct Pakistan country profile.","cadence":"Varies by indicator","latest_period":"Varies by indicator","access_modes":["Interactive web","PDF"],"url":"https://unctadstat.unctad.org/CountryProfile/GeneralProfile/en-GB/586/index.html","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"This is a broad profile; individual values may be estimates, use different reference years, or be unavailable."},{"id":"unctad-global-cyberlaw-tracker","title":"Global Cyberlaw Tracker","publisher":"United Nations Conference on Trade and Development","publisher_scope":"International","resource_type":"Legal tracker","topics":["Cybersecurity & regulation","Laws, policies & standards"],"what_it_covers":"Adoption status for electronic-transactions, privacy and data-protection, cybercrime, and online-consumer-protection legislation.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan legal-status entries are included in the global tracker.","cadence":"No fixed schedule stated","latest_period":"Current tracker","access_modes":["Interactive web","Full data"],"url":"https://unctad.org/topic/ecommerce-and-digital-economy/ecommerce-law-reform/summary-adoption-e-commerce-legislation-worldwide","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Limited","limitations":"The tracker records adoption or status, not enforcement or effectiveness, and updates may lag legal changes. The page opened in web review but blocks the automated checker with HTTP 403."},{"id":"wipo-global-innovation-index-pakistan","title":"Global Innovation Index — Pakistan","publisher":"World Intellectual Property Organization","publisher_scope":"International","resource_type":"Index and country profile","topics":["Innovation & skills"],"what_it_covers":"Around 80 innovation input and output indicators, rankings, strengths, weaknesses, and trends.","pakistan_coverage":"Direct Pakistan country profile.","cadence":"Annual","latest_period":"Current annual edition","access_modes":["HTML","Download"],"url":"https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/pakistan","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"Indicator years vary, and rank changes can reflect data availability, comparator movement, and model revisions."},{"id":"wto-digitally-delivered-services-trade","title":"Digitally Delivered Services Trade Dataset","publisher":"World Trade Organization","publisher_scope":"International","resource_type":"Dataset","topics":["Digital economy & payments"],"what_it_covers":"Estimated exports and imports of digitally delivered services across eight subsectors.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan-comparable annual trade estimates.","cadence":"Annual","latest_period":"2005–2025 series","access_modes":["Interactive web","XLSX"],"url":"https://data.wto.org/en/dataset/dideliveredservices","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"The estimates are modelled and allocated; they are not transaction-level observations."},{"id":"unesco-uis-sti-data-browser","title":"Science, Technology and Innovation Data Browser","publisher":"UNESCO Institute for Statistics","publisher_scope":"International","resource_type":"Data portal","topics":["Innovation & skills"],"what_it_covers":"Research and development expenditure, researchers, and Sustainable Development Goal 9.5 indicators.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan can be selected where a given indicator and reference year are available.","cadence":"Annual data collection","latest_period":"Varies by indicator","access_modes":["Interactive web","Download"],"url":"https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/browser/SCIENCE_TECHNOLOGY_INNOVATION/UIS-SDG9Monitoring","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Reachable","limitations":"Availability and reference year vary by indicator. Never display missing observations as zero."},{"id":"imf-financial-access-survey","title":"Financial Access Survey","publisher":"International Monetary Fund","publisher_scope":"International","resource_type":"Dataset","topics":["Digital economy & payments"],"what_it_covers":"Supply-side financial access, financial-service infrastructure, and selected digital-finance indicators.","pakistan_coverage":"Pakistan-comparable reporting is available within the international dataset.","cadence":"Annual","latest_period":"Varies by indicator","access_modes":["Interactive web","API","Download"],"url":"https://data.imf.org/en/datasets/IMF.STA%3AFAS","last_checked":"2026-07-26","access_status":"Limited","limitations":"Reporting coverage varies, and accounts or access points are not unique users. The page opened in web review but blocks the automated checker with HTTP 403."}]}